What is Sueldo bruto y neto?
The sueldo bruto (gross salary) is the agreed remuneration before deductions. The sueldo neto, or 'de bolsillo' (take-home), is what remains after subtracting the worker's aportes (17%) and, where applicable, the Impuesto a las Ganancias (income tax).
The Impuesto a las Ganancias only affects salaries above a certain minimum and depends on each worker's personal deductions.
In practice
From $1,500,000 gross, after the 17% aportes the net is about $1,245,000, before considering Ganancias.